Cultural dialog welcomes extension of measures

At its meeting on April 4, 2022, the National Cultural Dialogue discussed the implementation of Covid support measures in the cultural sector. The cantons, cities and municipalities support the Federal Office of Culture's proposal to extend the cancellation allowances until the end of June 2022.

Photo: Alina Grubnyak/unsplash.com (see below)

According to a press release from Budes, the compensation for cultural enterprises and cultural professionals is currently limited until the end of April 2022. They are now to be extended until the end of June 2022. The National Council's Committee for Science, Education and Culture (WBK-N) has requested the Federal Council to do so and the Federal Office of Culture (BAK) has submitted a corresponding proposal for consultation.

The cantons, cities and municipalities welcome the proposed extension of the default compensation until the end of June 2022. In particular, they point out that the cultural sector still faces major challenges even after the lifting of most coronavirus measures. If the situation deteriorates again, the resumption of measures should be examined.

Federal Councillor Berset also provided information on the work on the 2025-2028 Cultural Dispatch, which will involve the specialist level of the state partners and cultural associations at an early stage.

The National Cultural Dialogue was established in 2011 and brings together representatives of the political authorities and cultural representatives from the cantons, cities, municipalities and the federal government. Its work is based on an agreement from 2011 and a multi-year work program. The political authorities form the strategic steering body of the National Cultural Dialogue with the head of the Federal Department of Home Affairs (FDHA), representatives of the Swiss Conference of Cantonal Ministers of Education (EDK), the Swiss Association of Cities (SSV) and the Swiss Association of Communes (SGV).

Helping those in need in Ukraine

The Swiss Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM Switzerland) is launching an appeal for donations to help musicians in need in Ukraine.

Photo: zVg

The ISCM Switzerland notes with horror and dismay the invasion and war currently being waged against Ukraine. The International Society for Contemporary Music ISCM was founded 100 years ago out of the desire to contribute to peace and respect in the world through musical cooperation and exchange of experience. The ISCM fears for the safety of its members in Ukraine and fervently hopes that the war can be ended quickly. With its fundraising campaign, ISCM Switzerland is helping musicians in need in Ukraine via the Ukrainian ISCM sister section (ISCM Ukraine). The donations collected will be transferred in full to ISCM Ukraine, which will send them directly to musicians in need.

Link to the complete appeal for donations:
http://iscm-switzerland.ch/PDF/iscmswitzerland_spendenaufruf_ukraine2022_d-f.pdf

The International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM) was founded in Salzburg in 1922 by the composers Bartók, Schönberg, Berg, Webern, Stravinsky, Hindemith and Honegger, among others, and is the oldest international umbrella organization for the promotion of New Music. It is regarded as one of the most important music-cultural societies in the world and has been organizing the ISCM World New Music Days, which take place in a different country every year, since 1923. The ISCM has 66 international sections in 44 countries and has been chaired by Glenda Keam (ISCM New Zealand) since 2019.

The Swiss ISCM section (ISCM Switzerland / Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Neue Musik SGNM / Société Suisse de Musique Contemporaine SSMC), also founded in 1922, is one of the oldest ISCM sections and has organized the ISCM World Music Days in Switzerland six times in the last 100 years: in 1926, 1929, 1957, 1970, 1991 and 2004. The current board is made up of David Rossel, Arturo Corrales, Antoine Fachard and Javier Hagen (president).

http://iscm-switzerland.ch
http://iscm.org
 

Start of construction for the Toggenburg Sound House

This month, the Canton of St. Gallen's building construction office is starting work on the Klanghaus Toggenburg. The first step is to demolish the existing Hotel Seegüetli.

Simulation of the future Klanghaus. Image: nightnurse images, Zurich

According to the canton's press release, construction work on the timber building will begin in June 2022. The Klanghaus will create a musical and architectural center for natural sound music in Toggenburg.

The first work for the construction project was already carried out in summer 2021. The canton relocated part of Vordere Schwendistrasse. Work can now begin on the building. As a first step, the canton is demolishing the Hotel Seegüetli. After around two and a half years of construction, the building will be handed over to the Klangwelt Toggenburg Foundation at the end of 2024.

The wooden building comprises four acoustically unique sound rooms. There are also two outdoor stages for outdoor music experiments. Compared to the hotel, the sound house will be built further away from the lake. The demolition of the hotel and the special architecture of the sound house will significantly enhance the landscape conservation area at Schwendisee.

As a sound workshop, the Klanghaus is available to both professional musicians and amateurs for rehearsals, courses, workshops and symposia. It is also integrated into an overall tourism concept. The total cost of the building is 23.3 million Swiss francs. Of this, Klangwelt Toggenburg is financing CHF 1 million. The remaining costs for the canton amount to CHF 22.3 million. The Klangwelt Toggenburg Foundation will operate the Klanghaus.

Reminder

From libraries as gateways to earlier times to musical "souvenirs" and the interplay between memory and music

From libraries as gateways to earlier times to musical "souvenirs" and the interplay between memory and music

All articles marked in blue can be read directly on the website by clicking on them. All other content can only be found in the printed edition or in the E-Paper.

Focus

De mémoire morte à mémoire vive
Muriel Brandt and Nicolas Ducimetière at the Fondation Martin Bodmer. Interview

Souvenir de ...
Musical memorabilia

Remembering in 4½ chapters
The past is everywhere

Quand la mémoire fige de nouveaux classicismes
Massimo Lonardi et François Court ravivent la mémoire de musiques dʼautrefois

The soundtrack of our lives
About the interplay of music and memories
Original article:
The soundtracks of our lives
The partnership between music and our memories

La RMS parle du thème de ce numéro à la radio : Espace 2,
Pavillon Suisse, 29 mars, de 20h à 22h30 (à environ 22h; 2:17)

... and also

RESONANCE

Un ambassadeur du cor des Alpes nous quitte - Jozsef Molnar

O Lord, are you asleep? - "Music in dark times 1914-1943", concert by the Zurich Male Choir

From the jazz scene, for the jazz scene - Swiss Jazz Days 2022

Of fear and human warmth - Dialogues des Carmélites

Nägeli's protégé, von Weber's mountain companion - Anton list

Speed questions again - Jean-Claude Zehnder, Richard Erig, Bernhard Ruchti

Clavardon's... - Philippe Nantermod et Vincent Salvadé

Radio Francesco - des esclaves/of slaves

Carte blanche for Katrin Spelinova

CAMPUS

Who learns music where? - Study "Music Learning Switzerland"

Les conférences-ateliers de l'HEMU - l'exemple de la forme sonate

The medieval Rabab - Research project at the HKB

SERVICE

Passeurs de jazz - UpJazz à Marly

News, link recommendations - brèves, liens recommandés

FINAL


Riddle
- Thomas Meyer is looking for


Row 9

Since January 2017, Michael Kube has always sat down for us on the 9th of the month in row 9 - with serious, thoughtful, but also amusing comments on current developments and the everyday music business.

Link to series 9


Download the current print edition

Here you can download the current issue. Please enter the search term "e-paper" in the print archive.
The download is free of charge for subscribers.

All other interested parties will receive the PDF of the current issue (or an earlier issue) by e-mail. Costs: Fr. 8.-.
Click here to order the e-paper.

We are also happy to send you the printed version. Costs: Fr. 10.-
Click here to order the printed edition.

Kategorien

Acceptance of hearing aids

In a large-scale survey on hearing health, Oldenburg audiologist Kai Siedenburg is investigating the attitudes of musicians towards hearing aids, hearing protection and the risk of hearing damage.

Photo: Mark Paton/unsplash.com (see below),SMPV

Hearing problems are widespread among professional musicians. According to studies, around a third of all orchestral musicians are affected by disorders such as hearing loss or tinnitus. A team led by Oldenburg hearing researcher Kai Siedenburg is now investigating how widespread hearing protection and hearing aids are among professionals, but also among members of amateur choirs and orchestras, and what attitudes musicians have towards the risk of hearing damage in a large-scale online study.

The researchers are conducting a survey in collaboration with the German Orchestra Association and the German Choral Association and want to conduct the first ever survey on questions relating to hearing health among musicians. The funding for the study comes from a Freigeist Fellowship from the Volkswagen Foundation, which supports Siedenburg's Music Perception and Processing research group in the Department of Medical Physics and Acoustics at the University of Oldenburg.

More info:
http://uol.de/musik-wahrnehmung
 

Knowledge portal on musical life

The German Music Information Center (miz), an institution of the German Music Council, has fundamentally redesigned its web portal and expanded it into a comprehensive information portal.

Screenshot

It provides access to over 10,000 music institutions, statistical data, interactive maps, articles and in-depth analyses of musical life. Thematically, the miz covers all key areas - from music education and training to amateur music-making, professional music-making and the music industry.

Tutorials on music research and copyright support information seekers with specific questions in musical practice. Calendars of further training courses, conferences and advertised support measures bundle offers throughout Germany.

The project was supported by special funding from the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media (BKM) and the Gesellschaft zur Verwertung von Leistungsschutzrechten (GVL) as well as the music publisher Hal Leonard Europe.

Link: www.miz.org

 

Richard Strauss and the recorder

The 19-year-old based his "Fantasy" for soprano recorder, bassoon and guitar (piano) on a famous theme by Paisiello.

Richard Strauss 1886. photo: Author unknown / wikimedia commons

Salome, Elektra, Zarathustra, Till Eulenspiegel ... When you think of Richard Strauss, you probably associate his name with operas, tone poems or his songs. But an original composition with recorder from 1883?

Strauss' youthful works are still largely unknown today. On the last page of the autograph score of this fantasy is a reference to the reason for its composition: "O don't let me sweat too long, for a Strauss is no pleasure. The above fantasia comp. and written by Richard Strauss for bassoon and cross trumpet was performed at the 1883 Order Festival by Weschitz and [illegible]." The order is the convivial Munich Harbni-Orden gegen den tierischen Ernst, for which Strauss had already written an occasional work the previous year.

The instrumentation in the autograph score is bassoon, mouth flute (in the single part: mouth flute) and guitar. According to research by Franz Trenner and Peter Thalheimer, Nikolaj Tarasov ultimately confirmed that Strauss meant a recorder instrument by mouth flute. A soprano recorder in c is recommended for today's practice. Although the score is marked "Guitarre", Strauss notated it as a piano part on two staves, but also arranged it for guitar for the present edition.

The Fantasy by the 19-year-old composer is based on the famous theme "Nel cor più non mi sento" from the opera La Molinara by Giovanni Paisiello and joins a dozen other compositions on the same theme by Beethoven, Sor, Hummel and Paganini, for example. After a short introduction and the theme divided between the two melody instruments, a variation for recorder and bassoon and a virtuoso finale follow. Strauss' compositional mischief is not only evident in the sudden singing note in the flute part. With this four-minute fantasy, the sparse original recorder literature of the 19th century has been expanded to include a cheerful work for an extremely appealing instrumentation.

Image

Richard Strauss: Fantasy on a theme by Giovanni Paisiello, for soprano recorder, bassoon and guitar (piano), edited by Peter Thalheimer, first edition, EW 1129, € 14.80, Edition Walhall, Magdeburg

Rare cast

Louis François Dauprat's sonata for horn and harp was presumably intended for didactic use.

Photo: rubchikovaa/depositphotos.com

Louis François Dauprat (1781-1868) worked as an orchestral horn player and horn teacher in Paris and was one of the most important natural horn players of his time. He also composed numerous works, mostly for study purposes for his pupils, including six horn concertos and chamber music for horn and horn ensemble. His Sextet op. 10, in which each of the six horn players plays in different tunings, i.e. each with a different tuning bow, is probably of interest to music history. The rich collection of music for horn and wind chamber music in Edition Kunzelmann has received a welcome addition with the edition of the Sonata for Horn and Harp op. 3, lovingly supervised by Simon Scheiwiller.

Image

Louis François Dauprat : Sonate pour cor et harpe op.3, edited by Simon Scheiwiller, GM-1962, Fr. 23.00, Edition Kunzelmann, Adliswil

Constance at the Zurich Opera House

Matthias Schulz, the designated artistic director of Zurich Opera, is extending the contracts of future ballet director Cathy Marston and current opera director Annette Weber beyond 2025.

Zurich Opera House, main stage. Photo: Dominic Büttner

Anette Weber has headed the opera division of the Zurich Opera House since the beginning of the current season. She was previously casting director at the Hamburg State Opera and the Semperoper Dresden.

The 22/23 season marks an artistic turning point at Ballett Zürich: ballet director Christian Spuck is entering his last season. His successor Cathy Marston is already presenting her first new production. A total of 14 choreographies - including five world premieres - will be presented in the four premieres and four revivals.

Schulz is moving from the Berlin State Opera Unter den Linden to Zurich. He previously worked at the Salzburg Festival and as Artistic Director and Commercial Director of the Mozarteum Foundation Salzburg. In 2015, he was appointed artistic director designate of the Berlin State Opera. In 2025, he will succeed Artistic Director Homoki at Zurich Opera House, who is leaving the post at his own request.

Ecole classique

Paolo Crivellaro's book lays the foundation for a stylistically adequate examination of the French organ school from the beginning of the 17th to the middle of the 18th century.

Paolo Crivellaro. Photo: zVg

Back in 2015, Paolo Crivellaro, Professor of Organ at the Berlin University of the Arts, published his book The North German Organ School (Carus), which offers a comprehensive collection of annotated sources on the performance practice and instrumentation of this organ landscape. Now a comparable work is being published, focusing on the French Ecole classique.

After an initial overview of the repertoire, the sources and the liturgical context of the music from the beginning of the 17th to the middle of the 18th century, the specific instrument is described in detail before the characteristic mélanges of the French school are discussed on the basis of registration notes and illustrated with numerous quotations and musical examples. Chapters on the difficult question of inégalité, tempo, ornamentation and fingering supplement the wealth of information with those aspects of historically informed performance practice that are central to this extremely "codified" music, which requires a great deal of background knowledge. Crivellaro succeeds in shedding light on these topics in a clear presentation using annotated sources available in the original wording and in German translation, and briefly summarizes the current state of research; the extensive bibliography provides information and references for in-depth reading. Short portraits of the 25 most important composers (from Eustache du Caurroy to Claude-Bénigne Balbastre) and their works round off the book.

Since Crivellaro largely refrains from "evaluating" the sources or giving specific interpretative advice on individual works, his handbook does not exempt the reader from familiarizing himself with the music on the instrument, trying things out and literally "feeling his way" towards this tonal language, but it lays an excellent foundation for a stylistically adequate approach to this repertoire, which will certainly set standards and be of great benefit to non-French-speaking readers in particular - the book is also available in an English and an Italian translation.

Image

Paolo Crivellaro: Organ & Interpretation - the French Ecole classique, 358 p., € 45.95, Blockwerk Editiones, 2021, ISBN 978-3-9821872-0-4

Reminder

From libraries as gateways to earlier times to musical "souvenirs" and the interplay between memory and music

Cover picture: neidhart-grafik.ch
Erinnerung

From libraries as gateways to earlier times to musical "souvenirs" and the interplay between memory and music

All articles marked in blue can be read directly on the website by clicking on them. All other content can only be found in the printed edition or in the E-Paper.

Focus

 

De mémoire morte à mémoire vive
Muriel Brandt and Nicolas Ducimetière at the Fondation Martin Bodmer. Interview

Souvenir de ...
Musical memorabilia

Remembering in 4½ chapters
The past is everywhere

Quand la mémoire fige de nouveaux classicismes
Massimo Lonardi et François Court ravivent la mémoire de musiques dʼautrefois

The soundtrack of our lives
About the interplay of music and memories
Original article:
The soundtracks of our lives
The partnership between music and our memories

La RMS parle du thème de ce numéro à la radio : Espace 2,
Pavillon Suisse, 29 mars, de 20h à 22h30 (à environ 22h; 2:17)

 

... and also

RESONANCE

 

Un ambassadeur du cor des Alpes nous quitte - Jozsef Molnar

O Lord, are you asleep? - "Music in dark times 1914-1943", concert by the Zurich Male Choir

From the jazz scene, for the jazz scene - Swiss Jazz Days 2022

Of fear and human warmth - Dialogues des Carmélites

Nägeli's protégé, von Weber's mountain companion - Anton list

Speed questions again - Jean-Claude Zehnder, Richard Erig, Bernhard Ruchti

Clavardon's... - Philippe Nantermod et Vincent Salvadé

Radio Francesco - des esclaves/of slaves

Carte blanche for Katrin Spelinova

 

CAMPUS

Who learns music where? - Study "Music Learning Switzerland"

Les conférences-ateliers de l'HEMU - l'exemple de la forme sonate

The medieval Rabab - Research project at the HKB

 

SERVICE

Passeurs de jazz - UpJazz à Marly

News, link recommendations - brèves, liens recommandés
 

FINAL


Riddle
- Thomas Meyer is looking for


Row 9

Since January 2017, Michael Kube has always sat down for us on the 9th of the month in row 9 - with serious, thoughtful, but also amusing comments on current developments and the everyday music business.

Link to series 9


Download the current print edition

Here you can download the current issue. Please enter the search term "e-paper" in the print archive.
The download is free of charge for subscribers.

All other interested parties will receive the PDF of the current issue (or an earlier issue) by e-mail. Costs: Fr. 8.-.
Click here to order the e-paper.

We are also happy to send you the printed version. Costs: Fr. 10.-
Click here to order the printed edition.

Kategorien

Still to be discovered as a composer

Christoph Keller has published the piano music of Erich Schmid in two volumes.

Photo: Dolo Iglesias/unsplash.com

The conductor Erich Schmid probably needs no introduction to the older generation. As conductor of the Tonhalle Orchestra Zurich and the Beromünster Radio Orchestra, he held a central position in Swiss musical life for many years after the Second World War. And between 1968 and 1978, he was also increasingly active as a guest conductor with various English orchestras.

The fact that Schmid was also a prolific composer, at least in the 1930s, is probably less well known. A CD box set published by ZHdK-Records in 2013 offers a good introduction to the music of this busy composer (ZHdK-Records 30/2013). The pianist Christoph Keller recently published Erich Schmid's piano music in two volumes with Boosey & Hawkes/Bote & Bock.

Even the early Little music for piano from 1926 reveals a lot about Schmid's compositional potential. Two of the three short pieces are written with a great deal of youthful verve and mischief, while the middle piece (slow and expressive) reveals an astonishing lyrical talent. With the Three piano pieces from 1929, Schmid then ventured into free atonality.

"So I compose ... piano pieces that I can't play," he wrote to his friend Erich Itor Kahn. In fact, the three thoroughly fascinating sound sketches are not easy to realize pianistically; smaller hands will encounter great difficulties.

The following Six pieces for piano op. 6 are clearly influenced by Schmid's famous composition teacher Arnold Schönberg. On the one hand, it is admirable how confidently the 25-year-old pupil has already mastered the twelve-tone technique, but on the other hand, craftsmanship is very much to the fore. The composer does not escape certain stereotypes (such as his preference for descending phrases).

The 1941 Splitter show a completely different Schmid: a march, a waltz and a foxtrot contrast with song arrangements and an enchanting berceuse. "With their comparatively easy playability, the pieces are suitable as an introduction to a piano oeuvre that still awaits discovery in large parts", writes editor Christoph Keller rightly about these Splitter.

And anyone who wants to take a closer look at Erich Schmid and his work will be very well served by these two booklets. In addition to a detailed critical report, reviews of his works and facsimiles, they also contain a biography that is well worth reading.

Image

Erich Schmid: Piano Works 1 and 2, edited by Christoph Keller, Works 1, BB 3545; Works 2, BB 3546; € 55.00 each; Boosey & Hawkes / Bote & Bock, Berlin (Schott, Mainz) 

The soundtracks of our lives

The partnership between music and our memories.

Photo: David Matos/unsplash.com

We often donʼt think about the nature of our "memory" unless we are directly confronted with how much we rely on it for our knowledge and sense of identity. The experience of intensely cramming for a test but then blanking in an exam, the awful anticipatory grief of losing a loved one to dementia, or the sudden impact of a traumatic brain injury are all examples that demonstrate how important, yet vulnerable our memories can be in relating to ourselves and the world around us. Yet, when we think about the soundtracks of our lives, music provides a potent connector to our solo, scholarly and social selves. In this article, I share an overview of the ways in which music is connected to our short term, working, and long term memory.

Short term memory

Starting (perhaps) at the beginning, our short term memory (STM) is the key to understanding how we learn. STM lasts approximately 20-30 seconds and is quite limited in capacity. Studies show an average of only 7 ± 2 items can be maintained as we try to take in new information.

In psychological testing verbal tasks such as the forwards digit span test can help us understand if there might be a problem with auditory STM. Digit span tests involve asking a person to repeat a sequence of numbers (digits) that increases until the limits of correct recall are reached. In the forward test, the same order is requested (e.g., 2, 7, 4, 9), whereas with backwards test, the correct reverse order is required (i.e., 9, 4, 7, 2). This may be important for example, when considering how a child with special educational needs may use music to help with learning (e.g. using short repetitive musical phrases to aid memory).

Working memory

A seemingly similar task, the backwards digit span test, can help us understand if there is a problem with working, rather than STM. Working memory does overlap with STM. But, as the name implies, it is more focused on manipulation of information and is important for problem solving (e.g., doing mental arithmetic). Working memory therefore requires some elements of recall from previously encoded information.

In terms of music, auditory information is thought to be processed via a phonological loop (a sort of internal recording). The phonological loop can be further divided into two parts: the "inner voice" responsible for verbal rehearsal and the "inner ear" responsible for speech-based storage. The ability to access these memory mechanisms are important in music, such as finding the right pitch to sing, or when transposing notes from one key to another. Understanding how auditory processing difficulties can be connected to developmental conditions (e.g., ADHD, dyslexia) can be an essential part of working out which type of musicing to use therapeutically.

Long term memory

In order to transfer information from short to long term memory we need to replay and process what the new information means in relation to older information. This way, we retain whatʼs important (and lots that doesnʼt always seem to be!), and (hopefully) recall pertinent memories as necessary. Retention requires encoding via mechanisms such as repetition (rote learning), chunking (collecting smaller "bite size" pieces of information together), and association (mnemonics). Some conditions such as sleep help, whereas other conditions (i.e., attentional interference) can hinder the process of memorization.

Music and lifespan

So how can music help, and when do we need to take care in case it doesnʼt?
If we think about our lifespan development, it is easy to see how music plays a part.

In the womb, we hear the sounds of our primary caregivers. And, once born, babies show preference for familiar vocalizations (and even content) compared to novel stimuli. As babies, we quickly learn that our vocalizations are the key to our needs being met. The way we communicate with babies (known as "Motherese") typically involves sing-song phrases such as "Hello beautiful baby!" that are paired with a smile. In relation to music and memory, at this stage, there are (at least) two cognitive mechanisms developing: statistical auditory learning and reward based associations.

Statistical auditory learning

Statistical learning is often studied in terms of language acquisition, but itʼs also the start of our musical enculturation - the effect whereby mere exposure internalizes the melodies, harmonies and rhythms of our cultures. The first song many of us learn for example, helps us learn the letters of the alphabet (explicit long term memory), but we are also implicitly internalizing musical structures using mechanisms such as repetition, rhyming, chunking and mnemonics:

ABCDEFG...HIJK - LMNOP...QRSTUVW...

Through the correct performance of nursery rhymes, we reinforce positive behaviors with praise and applause. A somewhat potent cocktail for those of us who are musically minded!

Musical training in childhood has been associated with differential brain development and accelerated learning (especially literacy and second language acquisition). However, studies have also shown that sound and music can interfere with memorization. Such interference seems to be particularly associated with lyrical rather than instrumental music, possible due to a dual-attention effect that favors familiar rather than novel semantic encoding. So, quiet places such as libraries are essential to help us learn, and it seems best to stick to instrumental music whilst studying.

The playlist of life

By this stage in life (adolescence), we are intensely developing our identities. "Who we are" involves music as part of our cultural practice, but also as part of the instinct to connect to others. Whilst some music lovers may painstakingly curate the tracks of their lives specifically to belong or rebel (thinks mods and rockers), and musicians must learn a repertoire many will never forget. Even the musically unengaged cannot completely close their ears to the sounds of their time and place.

All of the major events in our lives are accompanied by songs, whether its weddings or funerals, first dates or new-found freedom, major sporting or a national event. Soundtracks associated with event help form autobiographical memories, in particular between the ages of 10 and 30 years old. This period of potent musical memories (known as the "reminiscence bump") is also one of the keys to also understanding how music can help later in life.

Many of us have a time travel song. Mine is Come On Eileen by Dexys Midnight Runners. It takes me back to the moment of my first kiss at the school disco. It still makes me feel that strange mixture of hope and heartbreak as only bittersweet songs can do. And Iʼm sure if Iʼm lucky enough to live a long life, one day Iʼll hear that song on the radio, and it will bring a sparkle to my eyes. Such music evoked autobiographical memories (or MEAMs) are the basis of projects like Playlists for Life which have shown how music can be used as a non-pharmacological therapy to help people who are otherwise non-responsive to reconnect, not only to themselves, but also to their families and loved ones.

Whole brain involvement

The way the brain processes music is a whole brain phenomenon; music activates the auditory, motor and limbic areas. Music also triggers activity in prefrontal cortex - which is the last area affected by Alzheimerʼs disease, and why MEAMs are believed to be important for dementia care. But this is not the only condition of memory loss for which music is important. People who have suffered concussion or strokes that have left them with expressive aphasia (1) (the inability to express language) are often still able to sing songs they know. There are various therapeutic methods that co-opt aspects of singing to help rehabilitation to speech.

However, music and memory are not always happy bedfellows as anyone who has had an annoying earworm will know! Musical memory can be experienced in extremes as seen in musical savants. Or not at all as seen in those with either congenital or acquired amusia. This is a condition that effects 1% of the worldʼs population that not only involves the lack of ability to process pitch, but also lack of ability to remember musical phrases. So, itʼs important to think about how music and memory works so that we can understand how best to make the most of those mechanisms in terms of individual therapeutic music-based applications that can harness the soundtracks of our lives.

Footnote
1 Expressive (or non-fluent) aphasia is a specific type resultant of damage to the language dominant Broca's area in left hemisphere of the brain.

Useful References

Bigand, E., & Tillmann, B. (2022). Near and far transfer: Is music special? Memory & Cognition, 50(2), 339-347. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01226-6

Belfi, A. M., & Jakubowski, K. (2021). Music and Autobiographical Memory. Music & Science, 4, 20592043211047123. https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211047123

Garrido, S., Markwell, H., Andreallo, F., & Hatcher, D. (2021). Benefits, challenges and solutions for implementing personalized music playlist programs in residential aged care in Australia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 14, 1193. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S293764

Leggieri, M., Thaut, M. H., Fornazzari, L., Schweizer, T. A., Barfett, J., Munoz, D. G., & Fischer, C. E. (2019). Music intervention approaches for Alzheimerʼs disease: A review of the literature. Frontiers in neuroscience, 13, 132. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00132

Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological review, 63(2),81-97.

Rose, D., Jones Bartoli, A., & Heaton, P. (2018). Learning a musical instrument can benefit a child with special educational needs. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind and Brain, 28(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1037/pmu0000209

Salimpoor, V. N., Zald, D. H., Zatorre, R. J., Dagher, A., & McIntosh, A. R. (2015). Predictions and the brain: how musical sounds become rewarding. Trends in cognitive sciences, 19(2), 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.12.001

Särkämö, T., Altenmüller, E., Rodríguez-Fornells, A., & Peretz, I. (2016). Music, brain, and rehabilitation: emerging therapeutic applications and potential neural mechanisms. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00103

Stewart, L., von Kriegstein, K., Warren, J. D., & Griffiths, T. D. (2006). Music and the brain: disorders of musical listening. Brain, 129(10), 2533-2553. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl171

Talamini, F., Altoè, G., Carretti, B., & Grassi, M. (2017). Musicians have better memory than nonmusicians: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 12: e0186773. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186773

Trehub, S. E. (2019). Nurturing infants with music. International Journal of Music in Early Childhood, 14(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1386/ijmec.14.1.9_1

 

Dawn Rose
... is a music psychologist working as a Senior Researcher at the Lucerne University of Applied Arts and Sciences in Switzerland.

On the necessity of art for peace

The Conference of Swiss High Schools of Music supports efforts to restore peace in Europe and positions itself with regard to its levers of action to contribute to it.

Antoine Gilliéron - The war that has been taking place in Ukraine since the end of February has touched the hearts of the HEMs of our country as well as questioning culture and training spaces in their universalist but also sometimes political vocations. How can we contribute to peace today, perhaps even more than in normal times, as tertiary music education institutions?

Commitment and intangible principles

The eight high schools of music that make up CHEMS have taken a firm stand against the war in Ukraine (cf. Further information) and, while clearly distinguishing individuals from the political regime, adhere to measures aimed at cutting ties with artists representing the current Russian political power as well as to question or even interrupt the cooperation in force with the Russian universities and conservatories which publicly displayed their support for the war at the beginning of March, which is deeply incompatible with the values defended by the conference. Very attached to pacifism, to the rapprochement between peoples through music as well as to the principles of non-discrimination, solidarity and tolerance, the CHEMS affirms its desire to welcome Ukrainian artists fleeing their country but also musicians. Russians and Belarusians in its teaching and student body, even when these people are unable to publicly display their disapproval of the military invasion. Thus, it is crucial for the conference to emphasize the need to differentiate between individuals and regime, to highlight the freedom of art and research as well as the importance of maintaining the possibilities of travel and visas for all people with a nationality that is affected in one way or another by this war. The conference also takes a worried look at attempts to cancel culture and rejects with all its might attempts to suppress from the programs the masterpieces of Russian music which are also part of our exceptionally rich musical heritage.

Des liens historiques aux enjeux actuels

Thus, from the history of music to the history of Russian instrumental schools, through the partnerships and historical relations that our schools have with Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, the reflection will allow us to take a broader view of the cultural relations that unite these countries with ours. In addition to this perspective, concrete initiatives are being taken to improve the situation in our schools and, to a greater extent, internationally. Whether it's concerts for peace, fundraising for charitable works or aid, the use of the soft power that culture represents, for example by showing its support for Ukraine through various communication channels, or mobilization to help students.es of our institutions (at the financial and psychological level) but also to welcome Ukrainian students.nes who have been released from the war in order to offer them continuity in their studies (including the Erasmus, Horizon Academic and Scholars at Risk systems), the Swiss music schools - in addition to sending a message of solidarity to the community affected by this war and of unity towards all and everyone - are making a major contribution to highlighting the need for art to contribute to the collective construction of peace.

Four-part theology

In his new edition of Bach's chorale movements, Thomas Daniel makes a clear distinction for the first time between confirmed and dubious authorship.

Bach window in St. Thomas Church in Leipzig (detail). Photo: hdamke/depositphotos.com

Johann Sebastian Bach's chorales are not just objects of study or teaching pieces, but represent the unique combination of theology and music. Their function is prayer, reflection, commentary or confession. Even during Bach's lifetime, his chorales began to take on a life of their own and were collected. And when his music fell silent after his death, they preserved his memory for posterity.

The musicologist Thomas Daniel, a well-known Bach specialist, has published a new edition with Breitkopf & Härtel All chorale movements as an Urtext edition of all four-part chorales by Johann Sebastian Bach. For this purpose, the chorales were divided into two parts of roughly equal size: The chorales from the cantatas, motets and passions, which are certain to be by Bach, are found in the first part, while the second part contains chorales from later sources and prints. By drawing on new sources, the authentic chorales are for the first time clearly separated from the chorales with partly dubious authorship. In addition to an informative preface and a separate introduction to the edition for both parts, the edition also contains for the first time individual notes on each chorale, which are printed directly in the music section. In addition, there are helpful indexes with which the movements can be searched by text beginning, BWV number, melody composer and librettist.

A highly recommended new edition that no music cabinet should be without.

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Johann Sebastian Bach: Sämtliche Choralsätze for four-part mixed choir, edited by Thomas Daniel, choral score, ChB 5377, € 24.90, Breitkopf & Härtel, Wiesbaden

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